There is high uncertainty about the actual stock structure of swordfish (Xiphias gladius) in the Pacific Ocean (Lu et al. 2016). According to (IATTC 2020), there might be as many as 6 different stocks, but the exact boundaries of these stocks and their exchange rates are currently uncertain. FishSource profiles for swordfish follow the stocks identified in (ISC 2014):

• Swordfish - Northwest Pacific, for the Western and Central North Pacific Ocean stock (WCNPO). It is managed by the WCPFC (west of 150ºN) and the IATTC (east of 150ºE).
• Swordfish - Northeast Pacific, for the Northeastern Pacific Ocean stock (North EPO), which actually stretches into the Southern Hemisphere. It is managed by the IATTC, although there is a reduced overlapping area with the WCPFC below 5ºN and between 150ºW and 165ºW.
• Swordfish—Southeast Pacific, for the Southeastern Pacific Ocean stock (South EPO). The IATTC manages it, although there is an overlapping area with the WCPFC west of 130ºW.
• Swordfish—Southwest Pacific, for the Southwestern Pacific Ocean stock (SWPO). The WCPFC manages it.