The stock structure of the species is not truly known at a global scale.  Díaz-Jaimes et al. (2010) studied the inter-oceanic divergence of Atlantic, Indian, Pacific and Mediterranean populations but the genetic differentiation is not conclusive. The population structure in the eastern Pacific Ocean is unclear (Valero et al. 2019). Furthermore, a recent study found that there could be three genetic populations in the EPO area, one in the north of Mexico, one in southern Mexico, Costa Rica and Ecuador, and on in Peru (Díaz-Jaimes et al. 2021), but this is still under debate. Here, the separation of the Eastern Pacific and the Western Central Pacific stocks is based in the genetic heterogeneity found in the Pacific Ocean by Rocha-Olivares et al (2006) and due to differences in fisheries and management.